Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is believed to be linked to neurological factors and is characterized by an unavoidable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations like tingling. It is quite prevalent, affecting roughly 5% of the population. Often diagnosed in adults, RLS is increasingly observed in younger individuals as well. The condition appears more frequently in women and often runs in families, suggesting a genetic component.

The urge to move typically alleviates the discomfort, but this relief is fleeting; once the movement ceases, the sensations can return and persist for hours. This is particularly troublesome at night or in the evenings when the intense need to move the legs can disrupt sleep, leading to significant fatigue. Prolonged periods of sitting can also trigger these symptoms, making long stretches of inactivity a challenge for those with RLS.

What Are the Telltale Signs of Restless Legs Syndrome?

Uncomfortable Sensations in Your Legs

The core symptom of RLS is an often indescribable and overwhelming need to move your legs. You might feel itchy, throbbing, pulling, or like something is crawling under the skin of your legs. These sensations typically occur deep within the leg, between the knee and ankle, and while they can vary from mild to intolerable, they are noticeably worse during periods of inactivity and often come on in the evening or nighttime hours.

Relief Through Movement

A peculiar aspect of RLS is that moving the legs or walking can often temporarily diminish the severity of the sensation. Stretching, jiggling your legs, pacing around, or even just turning in bed might provide some relief. However, the relief is often temporary, and the urge to move returns shortly after the activity ceases.

Worsening of Symptoms During Rest

Sitting for extended periods—like when driving or at a cinema—can trigger symptoms. Similarly, lying down to sleep can be particularly troublesome. This can make it exceptionally difficult to get a good night’s sleep, thereby leading to fatigue and drowsiness during the day.

Periodic Limb Movement of Sleep (PLMS)

Many people with RLS also experience periodic limb movement of sleep (PLMS), which involves involuntary leg twitching or jerking movements during sleep, typically occurring every 15 to 40 seconds, occasionally throughout the night. This can further disrupt sleep not just for someone with RLS but also for their bed partner.

How Can You Manage Restless Legs Syndrome?

Lifestyle Changes and Home Remedies

Firstly, certain lifestyle changes can significantly impact the severity of RLS symptoms. Reducing or eliminating substances that can aggravate the symptoms, such as caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco, is a good start. Establishing a regular sleep pattern can also help, as fatigue tends to worsen symptoms.

Exercises and Relaxation Techniques

Moderate exercise can help alleviate symptoms, but too much exercise may worsen them. A balanced approach, possibly under the guidance of a physical therapist, can be beneficial. Additionally, practices like yoga and meditation have proven effective for some people in managing the sensations associated with RLS.

Iron and Vitamin Supplements

For some individuals, iron deficiency might be linked to RLS. Discuss with your healthcare provider whether testing your iron levels might be beneficial. If you are low in iron, taking a supplement might improve your symptoms. Additionally, certain vitamins and minerals, like magnesium, can help muscle relaxation and sleep.

Medications

Several prescription medications can help manage RLS, including drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease, muscle relaxants, and anti-seizure drugs, which can decrease the sensations in the legs. However, these medications can have side effects and should be used under the direct guidance of a healthcare provider.

When to See a Doctor

If your symptoms are frequent and severe enough to impact your quality of life, including your sleep and daily activities, it’s essential to see a physician.