High blood pressure, also known as hypertension (when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher), is a common condition that can harm your body if you do not treat it. It is often called a “silent killer” because many people do not know they have it. Learning the warning signs can help you act early and protect your health.

1. Headaches

A common sign of high blood pressure is having headaches. When your blood pressure is high, the blood vessels in your head may swell. This swelling can cause pain. The headache is usually dull and can be felt on both sides of your head. Some people notice these headaches more in the morning. If you have headaches often and they do not go away, you should have your blood pressure checked at home or by a doctor.

2. Dizziness and Lightheadedness

Feeling dizzy or lightheaded can be another warning sign. When your blood pressure is too high, it can affect the flow of blood to your brain. This reduced blood flow can make you feel unsteady or as if the room is spinning. You might feel this way when you stand up quickly or after physical activity.

3. Shortness of Breath

Shortness of breath is not only a sign of lung problems. It can also show that your heart is working too hard because of high blood pressure. When your heart works harder, fluid can build up in your lungs. This makes it hard to breathe during everyday activities or exercise.

4. Chest Pain

Chest pain is a serious sign that your heart may be under stress. Over time, high blood pressure can make your heart muscle thicken. A thicker heart muscle is less efficient at pumping blood, which can cause pain in your chest. This pain may come on during physical activities and can feel like pressure or a tightness in your chest. Do not ignore chest pain. If you experience it, seek medical help immediately. A doctor can run tests, like an electrocardiogram (ECG), to see how well your heart is working.

5. Visual Changes

Changes in your vision can also be a sign of high blood pressure. High pressure can damage the small blood vessels in your eyes. This damage can cause blurred vision, dark spots, or even a brief loss of sight. If you notice any changes in your vision, it is important to get an eye exam. An eye doctor (ophthalmologist) can check your eyes and help find out if high blood pressure is causing the problem.

The Importance of Regular Monitoring

Many people with high blood pressure do not show clear symptoms until serious damage occurs. Because of this, it is important to have your blood pressure checked regularly. Adults should have their blood pressure measured at least once a year. If you have a family history of high blood pressure or other risks, your doctor may suggest more frequent checks. Home blood pressure monitors are also a good way to keep track of your levels between visits to the doctor.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage High Blood Pressure

Managing high blood pressure often starts with changes in your daily life. Here are some steps you can take to lower your blood pressure:

Eat a Healthy Diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Try to reduce the salt and unhealthy fats in your diet.
Exercise Regularly: Physical activity helps strengthen your heart and improve blood flow. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise most days.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Losing even a little weight can lower your blood pressure. Keep track of your weight and talk to your doctor about a healthy target.
Avoid Tobacco and Limit Alcohol: Smoking and too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake can help protect your heart.
Manage Stress: Try activities that reduce stress, such as deep breathing, meditation, or walking. Lower stress can help lower blood pressure.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you see any of these warning signs—headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or changes in vision—it is important to speak with a doctor. Spotting high blood pressure earlier is key to preventing serious problems like heart attack, heart failure, strokes, and chronic kidney disease. If you already have high blood pressure, follow your doctor’s advice and take your medicine as prescribed. Regular checkups help ensure your treatment is working and may help you avoid complications.