Alcohol use disorder, also called alcoholism, is a long-term problem. It happens when a person cannot stop drinking, even though it causes harm. Knowing the warning signs can help people act early. Getting help soon often improves the chances of recovery.

Physical Signs

A common early sign is a frequent smell of alcohol on the breath. Some individuals get redness in their face or see veins become more visible, especially on the nose and cheeks. Trouble sleeping, like not being able to fall asleep or stay asleep, can also happen. Another sign is a high tolerance: needing more alcohol than before to feel the same effect. If a person goes without alcohol, they might have withdrawal, which can cause shaking, sweating, feeling sick to the stomach, or a fast heartbeat. They might also gain or lose weight due to changes in eating habits.

Behavioral Changes

People with alcohol problems sometimes hide how much they drink. They may keep bottles hidden around the house or swap normal drinks for alcoholic ones. School or work may suffer, with more absences or missed deadlines. Some people neglect their usual routines or personal hygiene. Drinking late at night or every day can show a pattern of dependence. Some choose to drink alone so others will not notice. They may take risks, such as driving while drunk. They might also get into legal trouble, like arrests for driving under the influence.

Psychological Indicators

One clear sign of an alcoholic is having a strong craving for alcohol. This craving can be so strong that it is hard to think about anything else. Mood swings are common, like irritability, anxiety, or anger. Some people feel very sad or guilty about their drinking. Blackouts, when someone cannot remember what they did or said while drinking, can happen. Repeatedly failing to quit, even when trying, can lead to a feeling of hopelessness. This often makes the drinking worse.

Health Consequences

Drinking a lot over time can damage the liver, leading to conditions like fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, or cirrhosis. It can also cause problems in the stomach and pancreas. Some people develop numbness or tingling in their hands and feet due to nerve damage. Heavy drinking can weaken the immune system, so the person gets sick more often. It also raises the risk of certain cancers, such as in the mouth, liver, or breast. The heart can be affected, leading to high blood pressure or an uneven heartbeat. In the brain, long-term drinking may cause memory problems or confusion.

Impact on Personal and Social Life

Relationships with friends and family may suffer. Alcohol can become the focus at gatherings, causing fights if loved ones express worry. Money problems may arise if someone spends too much on alcohol instead of basic needs. Some people lose their jobs or cannot pay rent, which can lead to serious hardship. Stress in marriages or partnerships is common. Children living in these homes might feel scared or alone. The person who drinks may feel ashamed and avoid others, which makes the problem worse.

When to Seek Help

It is time to get professional help when drinking gets in the way of everyday life. If you or a loved one cannot cut back or stop drinking, talk to a healthcare provider. Doctors can do a screening and suggest treatment steps. Counselors and groups like Alcoholics Anonymous offer support and guidance. Treatment may include detox, therapy, or medicines that lower cravings. Getting help early improves the chance of getting better. Friends and family can encourage visits to the doctor or counseling sessions. If withdrawal symptoms are severe or other health problems come up, seek help right away.