Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas, are noncancerous growths that develop from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. They often vary in size and location. Some can be very small, while others can grow large enough to alter the shape of the uterus. Many people with fibroids experience no symptoms at all, but others may notice warning signs that interfere with their daily routines. Continue reading as we look at some of the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids.

1. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

One of the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids is heavy menstrual bleeding. Fibroids located near the uterine lining may enlarge the tissue area and increase blood flow. This can lead to clots and extended periods. You might need to change your pad or tampon frequently, or you could bleed through your clothing at night. Left unmanaged, heavy bleeding may cause anemia, which leaves you feeling tired and weak. If you notice ongoing heavy menstrual bleeding, discuss it with your healthcare provider.

2. Pelvic Pressure or Pain

Large or multiple fibroids may create a feeling of pressure or fullness in the lower abdomen. You might feel this as a persistent heaviness in your pelvic region. Patients described it as similar to the feeling of being pregnant. Sometimes, fibroids can press on nearby organs, such as the bowel, causing discomfort or even mild pain. This pressure may become more intense during menstruation when the uterus thickens and sheds its lining. If pelvic pressure disrupts your normal activities, it might be a sign that your fibroids are growing.

3. Frequent Urination

When fibroids develop near the bladder, they can restrict the bladder’s capacity to hold urine. As a result, you may find yourself needing to use the bathroom more often. Waking up at night to urinate can disturb your sleep and affect daytime alertness. If you see a pattern of increased bathroom breaks without changes in how much fluid you drink, you should talk to your doctor. A thorough exam can confirm whether fibroids are causing this symptom.

4. Difficulty Emptying the Bladder

Some fibroids may block the normal flow of urine by pressing on the bladder or the urethra (the tube through which urine leaves the body). This can make it hard to empty your bladder fully, leading to a constant feeling that you must go again. Chronic urinary retention can raise the risk of infections. If you often feel pressure and have trouble emptying your bladder, a medical evaluation can identify if fibroids are part of the issue.

5. Low Back or Leg Pain

If a fibroid develops in the back wall of the uterus, it may press on the nerves that connect to the lower spine and legs. This pressure can cause pain in the lower back or even shoot down your legs. You might also experience muscle tightness or cramps. While many conditions can trigger lower back discomfort, fibroids are a possible culprit when combined with other symptoms like menstrual irregularities or pelvic pressure.

6. Painful Intercourse

Fibroids located near the cervix or deeper within the uterus can cause pain during sexual activity. The discomfort can range from mild to severe. It may appear only in certain positions or may be present throughout intercourse. Ongoing pain can strain relationships and reduce quality of life. If sexual pain is persistent and not explained by infections or other issues, your doctor can evaluate for fibroids through a physical exam or imaging.

If you have some of the signs and symptoms listed above. Make an appointment to see your doctor. Your doctor can confirm this with an ultrasound or other tests. Early treatment can ease symptoms and may include medications, less invasive procedures, or surgery.