What Is a Pulmonary Embolism? A pulmonary embolism, or PE, happens when a blood clot gets stuck in a lung artery. This clot stops blood from flowing well, and parts of the lung may not get the oxygen they need. When the lung tissue does not get enough oxygen, it can be harmed. PE is a serious condition that needs fast treatment.

Causes and Risk Factors

Most pulmonary embolisms start as blood clots in the legs. When a blood clot forms in the deep veins, it is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Sometimes, part of the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs.

Several factors can increase the chance of having a pulmonary embolism. These include:

Long Periods of Sitting: Sitting for a long time, such as on a long flight or car ride, can slow down the blood. This slow blood flow can lead to clotting.
Recent Surgery or Injury: Having surgery or a major injury, especially to the legs or belly, can raise the chance of forming a clot.
Certain Health Problems: Diseases like cancer, heart disease, or problems with how your blood clots can make you more likely to have a PE.
Pregnancy: Women who are pregnant have extra risk because the blood flows differently, and there is extra pressure on the veins.
Medications: Some medicines, such as birth control pills, can make your blood clot more easily.

Common Warning Signs

It is important to know the warning signs of a pulmonary embolism. The most common signs include:

Shortness of Breath: You may suddenly feel like you cannot get enough air. This may happen when you are resting or moving.
Chest Pain: You might feel a sharp pain in your chest. This pain can get worse when you breathe deeply or cough.
Coughing: A cough that brings up blood, even a small amount, can be a warning sign.
Fast or Irregular Heartbeat: Your heart might beat quickly or in an uneven way. This happens as your heart tries to move blood around faster.
Dizziness or Fainting: You may feel very lightheaded or even pass out if your body does not get enough oxygen.
Leg Pain or Swelling: Since a pulmonary embolism can start with a clot in the leg, pain, swelling, or redness in one leg might be an early sign.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you have any of these warning signs, especially shortness of breath or chest pain that comes on suddenly, you need to see a doctor immediately. Do not wait to see if the symptoms go away.

Doctors will use tests to find out if you have a pulmonary embolism. They may use blood tests, a CT scan, or an ultrasound. These tests help the doctor see how well your lungs are working and find the clot. A fast diagnosis is very important.

Prevention and Management

There are steps you can take to lower your likelihood of a pulmonary embolism. If you have risk factors for blood clots, your doctor may suggest some of these ideas:

Move Often: When you sit for a long time, stand up and walk around. This helps keep your blood flowing.
Wear Compression Stockings: These special socks help your blood move through your legs better.
Take Blood Thinners: Some people need to take medicines that thin the blood. These medicines can stop clots from forming.
Follow Doctor’s Advice After Surgery: If you have surgery, follow your doctor’s instructions to prevent clots.

By keeping active and following your doctor’s advice, you can lower your likelihood of a pulmonary embolism.

Living With and Managing the Condition

If you have already had a pulmonary embolism, managing your health is extremely important. Your doctor may recommend regular check-ups and specific tests to keep an eye on your condition. Taking your medicines as prescribed and following a healthy lifestyle can help you avoid future problems.

It is important to watch for any changes in your symptoms. If you notice new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor right away.

Takeaway

A pulmonary embolism is a serious condition that happens when a blood clot blocks an artery in the lung. The most common signs include shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, and leg pain or swelling. These signs can show up quickly and should not be ignored.

Taking steps to lower your risk can protect your health. Move around when you sit for long periods, wear compression stockings if recommended, and take any medicines as directed by your doctor. After surgery or during times of illness, follow your doctor’s advice carefully.