How to Get Rid of Canker Sores

Canker sores, or aphthous ulcers, are small, painful lesions that form on the inside of your mouth. They often appear with a white or yellow center and a red border. Although they usually heal on their own in 1–2 weeks, the pain and discomfort can interfere with eating and speaking. This article discusses effective home remedies and medical treatments that may help reduce pain, promote healing, and lower the chance of recurrence.

A virus does not cause canker sores and is not contagious. Their exact cause remains unclear, but factors such as minor mouth injuries, stress, hormonal changes, or a reaction to acidic foods may play a role. Some people also have a genetic tendency toward recurring canker sores. While these ulcers are usually harmless, repeated outbreaks or sores that persist beyond two weeks warrant professional evaluation.

Home Remedies for Canker Sores

At-home treatments are often the first step in easing pain and speeding healing. These remedies are generally safe and use common household items. Below are some evidence-based home treatments that many patients have found effective.

Saltwater Rinse

A warm saltwater rinse is a simple yet powerful remedy. Salt water acts as a natural disinfectant and can help reduce inflammation and clear debris from the sore. To prepare it, dissolve ½ to 1 teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water. Swish the solution around your mouth for 15–30 seconds and spit it out. Repeating this rinse 3–4 times daily can help reduce discomfort and support healing. Although the rinse may sting briefly, the relief usually follows soon after use.

Baking Soda Paste

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) helps neutralize acids in the mouth and restores a balanced pH, which may lessen irritation. You can either rinse with a solution or create a paste. To make a rinse, dissolve 1 teaspoon of baking soda in ½ cup of warm water, swish it around for about 30 seconds, and then spit it out.

Alternatively, mix a small amount of baking soda with water to form a thick paste. Apply the paste directly to the sore with a clean finger or cotton swab, let it sit for a minute, and then rinse your mouth. This method may produce a slight fizz or brief stinging, but it helps reduce pain and swelling.

Honey

Honey possesses natural anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Applying a small dab of raw honey directly to the canker sore may help soothe pain and reduce redness while promoting healing. For best results, reapply honey 3–4 times a day, especially after meals. Honey can also be mixed into chamomile tea for a combined soothing effect. It is important to note that honey should not be given to children under 12 months old because of the risk of botulism. For older children and adults, honey is a safe and natural option that may reduce the duration and severity of canker sores.

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera gel is well known for its soothing properties. It can reduce pain and inflammation when applied directly to a canker sore. Use a pure, food-grade aloe vera gel by applying a small amount to the sore 2–3 times a day. Allow the gel to absorb fully into the tissue before eating or drinking. Aloe vera not only calms the irritation but also promotes the natural healing process of the skin in the mouth. Its gentle nature makes it an ideal remedy for sensitive individuals.

Additional Natural Remedies

Several other home treatments can complement the remedies listed above:

• Milk of Magnesia: This substance can neutralize acids in your mouth and form a protective coating over the ulcer. Apply a thin layer directly on the canker sore using a cotton swab. Milk of magnesia may ease pain and protect the sore from further irritation. Rinse your mouth with plain water after application to avoid excess residue.
• Hydrogen Peroxide: A diluted hydrogen peroxide solution (equal parts hydrogen peroxide and water) can be used as a mouth rinse to help disinfect the area and reduce bacterial load. Use this remedy sparingly, as it may cause irritation if used too often.
• Chamomile Tea: Chamomile has natural anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Rinsing with cooled chamomile tea or placing a chamomile tea bag gently against the sore can offer relief. This remedy is safe and can be repeated several times a day.
• Sage Mouthwash: Sage offers antimicrobial benefits and can be used as an herbal mouth rinse. To prepare a sage mouthwash, steep dried sage in boiling water, allow the mixture to cool, and then rinse your mouth. Sage mouthwash is gentle and may help reduce pain.
• Licorice (DGL): Deglycyrrhizinated licorice, or DGL, comes as a mouthwash or dissolvable patch. It may reduce inflammation and promote healing. Use DGL products according to the manufacturer’s instructions and avoid them if you have high blood pressure or are pregnant.

These natural remedies are low-risk and may be used alone or in combination. However, if a particular remedy causes irritation or worsens the condition, discontinue its use and try another method.

Over-the-Counter Treatments

When home remedies do not provide sufficient relief, several over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are available. These products aim to reduce pain, protect the sore from irritants, and promote healing.

Topical Numbing Gels and Ointments

OTC numbing gels, often containing benzocaine, are popular for reducing the discomfort of canker sores. These gels work by temporarily blocking nerve signals, providing relief from pain and burning. Examples include products such as Orajel™ and Anbesol™. They should be applied sparingly to the sore no more than 3–4 times per day. While these products provide temporary pain relief, they do not accelerate the healing process. Caution is advised, especially in children or those who might be sensitive to benzocaine, as excessive use can lead to side effects like methemoglobinemia, a condition where blood loses its ability to carry oxygen efficiently.

Medicated Mouthwashes and Rinses

Medicated mouthwashes designed for mouth sores may combine antiseptic ingredients with mild anesthetics. Some rinses use low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to cleanse the mouth, while others include chlorhexidine gluconate, which helps control bacteria and reduce inflammation. Always follow the directions on the label, and avoid swallowing these rinses. If the product stings or causes unusual irritation, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider.

Protective Patches and Pastes

Protective barrier patches and pastes can cover canker sores, shielding them from further irritation by food and drink. These products create a temporary “bandage” over the sore, allowing it to heal in a less disturbed environment. They are especially useful if you experience pain during meals. Most protective patches are applied after cleaning the area, and then left on for several hours. This method not only protects the sore but may also reduce the frequency of irritation.

Prescription Treatments for Severe Cases

Most canker sores improve with home care and OTC treatments. However, if sores are large, very painful, or recurrent, prescription medications may be necessary. These treatments are typically recommended by a healthcare provider after an evaluation.

Prescription Topical Medications

Doctors may prescribe stronger topical treatments for canker sores. Prescription corticosteroid rinses (such as dexamethasone solutions) or gels (such as triamcinolone acetonide paste) reduce inflammation and speed healing. These medications are applied directly to the sore several times a day. Although they are effective, prolonged use may lead to side effects such as an increased risk of oral yeast infections. Follow your provider’s instructions carefully to minimize these risks.

Oral Medications

In cases where topical treatments are insufficient, a short course of oral corticosteroids, like prednisone, might be recommended. Oral steroids reduce systemic inflammation but are reserved for severe cases due to their potential side effects, which include changes in mood, increased blood sugar, and immune suppression. Additionally, medications like colchicine may be used in chronic cases to reduce the frequency of outbreaks, although they require close monitoring because of gastrointestinal side effects.

Cauterization Procedures

For particularly painful or persistent canker sores, doctors may consider cauterization. This procedure involves applying a chemical agent, such as silver nitrate, to burn the surface of the ulcer and destroy nerve endings. While cauterization provides immediate relief, it does not always speed up the overall healing process. In some cases, laser therapy is also used to achieve similar results with minimal discomfort. These procedures are typically reserved for sores that have not responded to other treatments.

Cauterization Procedures

Sometimes, a canker sore is very painful and does not improve with regular treatments. In these cases, a doctor might use a procedure called cauterization. This means using a chemical, such as silver nitrate, to burn the top layer of the sore.

What to Expect With Cauterization:

• The treatment is done by a doctor.
• It may cause a brief, sharp pain.
• After cauterization, the sore may feel less painful.
• The area might form a scab as it heals.

When to See a Doctor

Most canker sores go away on their own and do not need medical treatment. However, you should see a doctor or dentist if:

• A sore lasts longer than two weeks.
• The sore is very large or very painful.
• You keep getting canker sores often.
• You have other symptoms, such as fever or swollen glands.
• You are not sure if the sore is a canker sore or something else.

A doctor can check your mouth and help find out if there is an underlying cause. They may also test you for vitamin or mineral deficiencies, which can sometimes cause canker sores.

Taking Care of Your Mouth

Good oral care can help prevent canker sores. Here are some tips:

• Brush your teeth gently using a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Floss daily to remove food particles.
• Avoid spicy or acidic foods if they seem to make your sores worse.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
• Reduce stress through activities like exercise or deep breathing.

Final Thoughts

Canker sores can be painful, but many people find that simple home remedies, over-the-counter treatments, or even prescription medications help them heal faster and hurt less. Start with home remedies like saltwater rinses, baking soda paste, honey, and aloe vera. If those do not work well enough, consider using OTC products such as numbing gels, medicated mouthwashes, or protective patches.

For severe cases, do not hesitate to see a doctor or dentist. They can prescribe stronger treatments, such as steroid gels or oral medications, or even perform procedures like cauterization if necessary. Remember, most canker sores heal on their own, but you deserve relief from the pain while they do.