Raynaud’s phenomenon is a disease that affects blood flow, mostly in the fingers and toes. It happens when small blood vessels narrow too much in response to cold or stress. This limits the blood supply to certain areas of your body, which causes noticeable and sometimes painful changes.¹

Here are signs you might see if you have Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Color Changes in Fingers or Toes

One of the most noticeable signs of Raynaud’s is a change in skin color.² The affected areas often go through three stages:

White (pallor): Blood flow slows down or stops, and the skin turns pale.
Blue (cyanosis): The lack of oxygen makes the skin look bluish.
Red (rubor): When blood flow returns, the skin may flush or turn red.

These color changes usually appear in the fingers and toes. However, the nose, ears, or lips can also be affected.

Numbness or Tingling

When blood supply is reduced, your fingers or toes may feel numb, like they’re “asleep.” Some people describe it as a pins-and-needles feeling. This sensation often happens during the white or blue stages.

Cold Fingers or Toes

The lack of warm blood makes the skin feel cold to the touch. This is especially true during or after exposure to cold weather or when feeling stressed.

Pain or Throbbing

When the blood returns, the skin can start to throb, sting, or feel swollen. This pain can be mild or quite intense, depending on how long the area was without proper blood flow.

Skin Tightness or Discomfort

Some people with Raynaud’s experience tight or uncomfortable skin during an episode. The area may feel stiff, and it can be hard to move the fingers or toes until circulation improves.

Slow Healing or Sores (in Severe Cases)

In rare or severe forms of Raynaud’s, blood flow stays reduced for too long. This may lead to sores, ulcers, or even tissue damage. These problems are more common in people with underlying health conditions like scleroderma or lupus.

Episodes Triggered by Cold or Stress

Raynaud’s attacks usually begin after exposure to cold temperatures—like going outside in winter or touching something cold from the freezer.³ Emotional stress can also trigger an episode. The attacks often stop once the body warms up or the stress goes away.

Symmetrical Involvement (Primary Raynaud’s)

In primary Raynaud’s, which is more common and less serious, symptoms tend to appear the same way on both hands or both feet. The episodes usually last a few minutes to an hour.

Asymmetrical or More Severe Symptoms (Secondary Raynaud’s)

In secondary Raynaud’s, which is linked to autoimmune diseases, the signs may be more severe and affect one side more than the other. The episodes might last longer, and there’s a higher risk of damage to the skin or tissue.

Signs in Other Areas

Although Raynaud’s mainly affects fingers and toes, it can also affect the nose, ears, or lips. These areas might change color and feel numb or cold during an episode.

Nail Changes Over Time

In some people, repeated episodes can lead to changes in the fingernails or toenails. The nails may become brittle or have vertical ridges. These changes happen slowly over time due to poor circulation.

When to See a Doctor

Raynaud’s can be a warning sign of something more serious, especially if:

Symptoms started after age 30
Only one hand or foot is affected
The episodes are painful and frequent
You develop sores or skin ulcers
You notice symptoms in other parts of your body

A doctor can help figure out whether it’s primary or secondary Raynaud’s and check for any related conditions.

Final Thoughts

Raynaud’s phenomenon is more than just cold fingers. It involves real changes in blood flow that can affect comfort and skin health. If you notice color changes, numbness, or pain in your fingers or toes during cold weather or stressful moments, don’t ignore it. Early care and prevention can help reduce symptoms and protect your circulation.