Uses

Metronidazole is an antibiotic primarily used for treating a range of bacterial and parasitic infections. It operates by halting the growth of specific bacteria and parasites. It’s crucial to remember that this medication is ineffective against viruses, so it won’t help with conditions like the flu or common cold. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to reduced effectiveness in future infections.

This medicine can also be part of a treatment plan for certain types of stomach and intestinal ulcers, particularly those caused by the bacteria H. pylori.

How to Use Metronidazole

Before you start taking metronidazole, it’s advisable to read through the Patient Information Leaflet from your pharmacist. Always feel free to ask your doctor or pharmacist any questions you might have.

Here’s how to use it:

Administration: You should take metronidazole by mouth, following your doctor’s instructions. If you want to avoid stomach upset, take it with food, water, or milk.
For liquid form: If you’re using the suspension (liquid) form, shake the bottle well before each use. Use a special measuring device or spoon to measure your dose accurately. A regular household spoon won’t give you the right amount.
Dosage: The amount you take depends on your medical condition and how you respond to treatment. In children, the dosage is also based on weight.

It’s crucial to take this antibiotic at regular intervals for the best effect. Try to take it at the same time each day to help you stay on track.

Even if your symptoms improve after a few days, continue taking the medication until the prescribed amount is finished. If you stop too early, the infection might come back.

If your condition persists or worsens, make sure to inform your doctor.

Potential Side Effects

You might experience some side effects with metronidazole, such as dizziness, headaches, an upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, a loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, or a metallic taste. If these persist or worsen, it’s important to speak with your doctor or pharmacist.

Your urine might appear darker while taking this medication, but this is a harmless side effect that will go away when you stop taking it.

Be on the lookout for serious side effects like new infection symptoms, easy bruising or bleeding, stomach pain, or painful urination, and report them to your doctor immediately.

For severe side effects such as confusion, seizures, speech difficulties, numbness, eye pain, significant changes in vision, persistent or severe headaches, or neck stiffness, seek medical attention right away.

Prolonged or repeated use may result in oral thrush or a new yeast infection. Notice any unusual changes like white patches in your mouth or changes in vaginal discharge and report these to your doctor.

Though rare, an allergic reaction to this medication is possible. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms like rash, extreme dizziness, breathing difficulties, or facial swelling.

This list doesn’t cover all possible side effects. If you notice others not mentioned, talk to your healthcare provider.

Important Precautions

Before taking metronidazole, disclose any allergies to this medication or similar drugs to your doctor or pharmacist. The medication might contain inactive ingredients that can cause allergic reactions.

Share your medical history, especially if it includes liver disease, kidney disease, certain blood disorders, or Cockayne syndrome.

Refrain from consuming alcohol or using products with propylene glycol during treatment and for a few days after completing metronidazole to avoid adverse reactions.

The medication can cause dizziness, and using it with substances like alcohol or marijuana can enhance this effect. Avoid activities that require alertness, like driving, until you’re sure you can do them safely.

Inform your healthcare provider about your use of metronidazole before receiving any vaccinations, as it may affect the effectiveness of some live bacterial vaccines.

Before undergoing any surgery, discuss all your current medications with your doctor or dentist.

This medication should only be used during pregnancy when absolutely necessary. Discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor. For breastfeeding mothers, consult your doctor, as metronidazole does pass into breast milk.

Interaction with Other Medications

Metronidazole can interact with other drugs, affecting how they work or increasing the risk of side effects. Maintain a list of all your medications and share it with your healthcare providers. Always get your doctor’s approval before starting, stopping, or altering any medication.

Avoid combining metronidazole with disulfiram or if you’ve taken disulfiram in the last two weeks.

This drug might also affect the results of certain laboratory tests, so make sure the lab personnel and all your doctors are aware you are using this medication.

In Case of Overdose

For emergencies like an overdose with severe symptoms such as unconsciousness or difficulty breathing, call 911. If the situation is less urgent, contact a poison control center immediately. In the U.S., the number is 1-800-222-1222, and in Canada, you can reach a provincial poison control center. Overdose symptoms might include nausea, vomiting, and a lack of steadiness.

What to Do If You Miss a Dose

If you miss a dose of metronidazole, take it as soon as you recall. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one and return to your regular schedule. Avoid doubling the dose to make up for the missed one.